After controlling for age, sex, and complicating birth-related conditions such as low birth weight, children who underwent hernia repair under 3 years of age were more than twice as likely as children in the comparison group to be subsequently diagnosed with a developmental or behavioral disorder (adjusted hazard ratio 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.3, 4.1). Our analysis involved following a birth cohort of 383 children who underwent inguinal hernia repair during the first 3 years of life, and a sample of 5050 children frequency-matched on age with no history of hernia-repair before age 3. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of children who were enrollees of the New York State Medicaid program. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between surgery for hernia repair and the risk of behavioral and developmental disorders in young children. Recent animal studies have shown that commonly used anesthetic agents may have serious neurotoxic effects on the developing brain. For example, we could have a retrospective cohort study whereby the investigators go back several decades to get the records of the factory workers from a manufacturing company.These workers could be investigated on how exposure to particular radiation from the machines affected them over the years.
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